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FINDING SUSTAINABLE PATHWAYS

OUR PROCESS

Our process helps Canada achieve sustainable development solutions that integrate environmental and economic considerations to ensure the lasting prosperity and well-being of our nation.

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We rigorously research and conduct high quality analysis on issues of sustainable development. Our thinking is original and thought provoking.

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We convene opinion leaders and experts from across Canada around our table to share their knowledge and diverse perspectives. We stimulate debate and integrate polarities. We create a context for possibilities to emerge.

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Home / Climate / Developing Ambient Air Quality Objectives For Canada / Ambient Air – Endnotes

Ambient Air – Endnotes

Endnotes

1. Regulatory Framework for Air Emissions. Government of Canada. April 2007. 2. Getting to 2050: Canada's Transition to a Low-emission Future. NRTEE, Ottawa. 2007. 3. The findings in this Advisory Note are based on two commissioned research reports: (1) What National Ambient Air Objectives Could Look Like, SENES Consultants Ltd. and Stratos Inc.; and (2) Lessons Learned from the Canada-wide Standards Process, Cheminfo Services Inc. 4. Examples of recent large studies linking PM exposure with mortality include: (1) the National Mortality and Morbidity Air Pollution Study (NMMAPS), which evaluated data from 90 large US cities (Dominici, F., A. McDermott, S.L. Zeger, J.M. Samet 2003. Airborne Particulate Matter and Mortality: Timescale Effects in Four US Cities. Am J Epidemiol. 2003 Jun 15); and (2) a recent study by the American Cancer Society (Pope, C.A., R.T. Burnett, M.J. Thun et al. 2002. Lung Cancer, Cardiopulmonary Mortality, and Long-term Exposure to Fine Particulate Air Pollution. JAMA. 2002). 5. US EPA, 2006. U.S. EPA Expert Elicitation Study on the Concentration-Response Relationship Between Annual Average Ambient PM2.5 Exposures and Annual Mortality. Pre-Elicitation Workshop Summary. 20 January. 6. Under CEPA a substance is toxic if it is entering or may enter the environment in a quantity or concentration or under conditions that (a) have or may have an immediate or long-term harmful effect on the environment or its biological diversity; (b) constitute or may constitute a danger to the environment on which life depends; or (c) constitute or may constitute a danger in Canada to human life or health. 7. For substances that are found to be toxic under CEPA 1999 and are added to the List of Toxic Substances in Schedule 1 of CEPA, Environment Canada and Health Canada must propose an instrument to establish preventive or control actions for managing the substance and, thereby, reduce or eliminate risks to human health and the environment posed by its use and/or release.